Human resources Essays (904 words) - McDonnell Douglas,

Abstract What is the difference between Disparate Impact and Disparate Treatment? How do these issues impact individuals and groups? These are the questions that I will answer and explain throughout this paper by using a couple of different court cases which explain how and give details in how employee discrimination is described and resolved by our judicial system. Understanding how each theory works will give employers and employees the chance to implement improved workplace policies which will reduce the chance of discrimination in the workplace. Disparate Treatment/Disparate Impact Employment discrimination is discrimination in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, and compensation. Like most discrimination, employment discrimination may take place intentionally or unintentionally. There are many types of illegal discrimination; however, I will discuss the two main types, disparate treatment and disparate impact, and the affect they have on individuals and groups in the following paragraphs. Background The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces laws enacted to prevent job discrimination. They are also involved in overseeing and policy making as it is related to job discrimination. Anyone who feels that their employer has discriminated against them in any way as defined by the EEOC; they have the right to file a complaint. One of the largest legislation the EEOC enforces is Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (www.eeoc.gov) Title VII was established to ensure fair employment practices would be followed and free from discrimination. Two specific acts prohibited by Title VII are disparate treatment and disparate impact. Disparate Treatment Runkel defines disparate treatment as, when an individual of a protected group is shown to have been treated differently than other individuals similarly positioned. (Runkel, 2005) The issue is whether the employer?s actions were motivated by discriminatory intent. Discriminatory intent can either be shown by direct evidence, or through indirect evidence. An example of a disparate treatment case is McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). McDonnell Douglas Corp was an aerospace company in St. Louis. Percy Green was a black mechanic and laboratory technician laid off by McDonnell Douglas in 1964 during a reduction in force at the company. Green a civil rights activist protested that his discharge was racially motivated. He and others used cars to block roads to McDonnell Douglas factories. After this incident, McDonnell Douglas advertised for vacant mechanic positions, for which Green was qualified. McDonnell Douglas rejected Green?s re-employment application on the grounds of his participation in blocking traffic and Green was not hired. Green filed a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) charging violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The EEOC found reasonable cause to believe that McDonnell-Douglas Corp.?s rejection of Green?s re-employment application violated the Act, which forbids discrimination against applicants or employees for attempting to protest or correct allegedly discriminatory employment conditions. The court made no finding on Green?s allegation that the McDonnell-Douglas had also violated the section which prohibits discrimination in any employment decision. (Green, 1999) Disparate Impact According to the legal dictionary, disparate impact also known as adverse impact refers to situations where an employment policy or practice adversely affects a protected class of employees. (?Disparate Impact,? n.d.) An example of this is when an employer uses a selection criterion that, intentionally or not, screens out an unequal number of women and/or minorities. Under the doctrine, a violation of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act may be proven by showing that an employment practice or policy has an unreasonably adverse effect on members of the protected class as compared with non-members of the protected class. An example of an disparate impact case is Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. 405 (1975) The major issues of this case were the plant's seniority system, its program of employment testing and the question of back pay. Albemarle had required applicants for employment to have a high school diploma and to pass two tests, the Revised Beta Examination and the Wonderlic Personnel Test. Albemarle hired a psychologist to study the job relatedness of its testing program. The study compared the test scores of current employees with supervisorial judgments of their skill in ten job groupings selected from the middle or top of the plant's experienced seniority. The study showed a statistically significant connection with supervisorial

Business Monetary Policy Essay

Business Monetary Policy Essay Business: Monetary Policy Essay That was the moment when British Airways has decided to change the strategy and adopt new policies. One of the new policies was to reduce CO2 emissions with 50%, compared to the other companies that only reduced it with 15%, this was a very good decision, and also they are working on creating a new type of fuel called bio diesel which is pollution free and friendlier with the environment. Fiscal Policy: Government spending policies that influences macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending in an effort to control the economy. Monetary Policy: The action of a central, bank currency or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates. Monetary policy is maintained through actions such as increasing the interest rate, or changing the amount of money banks need to keep in the vault or bank reserves ukessays.com/essays/aviation/british-airways.php#ixzz2PJ3s3u3H Methods of influencing market outcomes can come in the form of monetary and fiscal policies. Monetary policies influence shifts in aggregate demand for goods and services by increasing the money supply, reducing the equilibrium interest rates and stimulating investment spending or decreasing the money supply, raising equilibrium interest rates, lowering investment spending (Mankiw, 2004) Fiscal policies shift the aggregate demand curve by increasing or decreasing government

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Essay

To what extent is it in the interest of business to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Essay Example The business case for CSR can be considered. Many economists have the view that CSR is not actually the demand of social ones. One of them has the view that it is not socially desired. Milton Friedman mentioned that the only social responsibility of a business is to maximize profits. Before going into the pool of Corporate Social Responsibility, we should be familiar with the term Corporate Social Responsibility, which is abbreviated as CSR. It can be profitable for the businesses and so for businessmen. Corporate Social Responsibility cannot be defined as a specific term. Different researchers and economists gave different definitions to it according to their point of view. Most of the researchers agree that, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility is a process by which, businesses are monitored.’ It has its own standards that are internationally accepted as the rules and regulations through which businesses are monitored. The word ‘responsibility’ describes that it takes the responsibility of concerned companies and appreciates their impact on customers, employees and stakeholders. The history of Corporate Social Responsibility is not as old as business; however, as the business community realised the importance of the Corporate Social Responsibility, the knowledge about the term is continuously increasing. In late 1960s, Corporate Social responsibility appeared as an important pillar in the development of a business. With the emergence of Corporate Social responsibility, different multinational companies (MNCs) started using the term stakeholder. This term was initially used to give explanation of the corporate owners (beyond the shareholders of a company), as a result of an influential book by R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management: a stakeholder approach in 1984 (Freeman, 1984). Corporate Social Responsibility is also accountable for the actions of concerned companies and it answers some questions such